music radio

1. Radio began in the late 1920's                                               17/05/23
2. 3 different radio platforms are digital, broadcasting and podcast
3. The company that regulates radio is OfCom
4. You would raise an complaint with the regulator  by emailing or phoning in 03001233333
5. popular radio presenters are sonny jay ,roman kemp, Greg James
6. Music, news, sports, talking

• media was dominated by the BBC until the 190's

private radio stations became popular with young people. 

 This popularity would pave the way for commercial radio to establish itself and allow the industry to develop. 

various radio forms e.g.BBC Radio: national stations include Radio 1,2,3,4, 5 live and 6 Music. The BBC also has over 50 regional radio stations broadcasting throughout the UK. All these stations operate under the conditions of the Royal Charter and don't carry adverts because they are funded by the license fee. 

Commercial and Independent Radio: stations include Classic FM and Absolute. These stations are funded by advertising.

 

DAB-planet rock and magic

the radio station is influenced by the personality of the presenter

they can be live or pre-recorded radio 1 is a live radio led by music

zoo format-music, chat and interviews delivered in a comedic way

Technological innovation

•  
• New technology has helped the radio industry evolve and increase in popularity. 
• There's been a huge increase in the number of people downloading podcasts and streaming internet radio. 
• Most radio stations archive past broadcasts on their official websites, for listeners to access on-demand.
•  Studio webcams and social media have changed the audience relationship with radio by making listeners feel more connected to the presenters.
• This type of media convergence is also achieved through the use of blogs and forums on radio websites. 
• e.g. FM radio, DAB, LW, MW, Freeview, online

Brand identities

•  
• A radio station will have a specific brand identity which informs their house style. 
• A radio station's target audience can be identified by the music it plays; a station like Gold, for example, focuses on playing classic pop songs for an older audience.Or some radio station use different language where BBC will have more informal language for a younger audience
•  
• The BBC is a good case study to show how a single broadcaster can have a range of brand identities that target different audiences. 
• Each station has a different remit: BBC Radio 1: to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech. 
• BBC Radio 1 Xtra: to play the best in contemporary black music with a strong emphasis on live music and supporting new UK artists. 
• BBC Radio 2: to be a distinctive mixed music and speech service, targeted at a broad audience, appealing to all age groups over 35. 

 

Marketing

• They will tend to market themselves
• They will change their presenter to stay regular

Radio online

•  
• Official websites may contain additional content; when a pop star is interviewed on Radio 1 there may be exclusive excerpts which are only available online. This is called convergence. 
• This allows for interactive participation, for example, the audience submitting questions before and during an interview via the website or social media. 
• Webcams can be used to stream radio shows as they are broadcast, allowing the audience to see what is happening in the studio. In this way, radio isn't just audio-based; it is transformed via new technology into an audio-visual medium. 

Regulation

• Radio is regulated by OfCom-they examine complaints
• they exists so the rules are upheld and listeners are protected

codes and conventions

• Typical things you would find e.g. language use formal to attract an older audiences or they have a particular DJ they will use
•  
• Words - Tone of voice, speed of delivery, accent or dialect, use of language, syntax, pitch, volume, texture, rhythm, how the words are anchored by other audio sounds 
• Sounds - Sound effects can create atmosphere, signify context, time (fading in and out) & location. 
• Music - Type of music, duration, use with words e.g. the DJ, cultural associations 
• Different radio stations = varied style & content, appeal to different audiences. Different radio stations = different programming or genres: they include news programmes, radio drama, sport… NB Different radio programmes will employ different codes. 

Technical codes

Words 

Sounds 

Music 

Duration 

Location e.g. vox pop – immediacy, drama, realism 

Editing (selection & construction) e.g. speed of editing = pace of programme 

Acoustics 

Volume / Sound levels 

Pitch 

Rhythm 

Type of microphone 

Mixing – can create a sense of space & movement 

Scheduling / Programming 

 

Symbolic and cultural codes

Accent 

Dialogue 

Language – vocabulary & syntax e.g. R4 news as formal and correct 

Texture / Tone 

Mode of Address e.g. ‘phone-ins’, R4 news etc. 

Type of presenter/personality e.g. a celebrity, a DJ (the ‘link’) 

Use and type of music e.g. Celtic / Irish music as signifying warmth, welcome, etc. 

Cultural association of sound effects 

Wise Buddha 

radio 53.8 is targeted for a younger audience as it stands out by the bright and colourful lights and  upbeat vibes

RTE2 fm is targeted for young adults as it stands out from using from using young actors 

BBC RADIO 4. - has the most diverse schedule of all BBC radio stations (TALK ONLY) (gardening, book reading, debate and comedy)

BBC RADIO 1 -to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech. Some presenters are Grey James, Arielle Free and Rickie, Melvin and Charlie (15-30 yr olds/ all genders) diverse as they have diverse ethnicity's all inclusive. ( pop/rock/r&b (variety of genres))

HOW CAN WE ACCESS AND LISTEN TO RADIO

• radio
• apps (Spotify)
• youtube 
• products
• websites
• tv channel

BBC RADIO 1's REMITT

The remit of radio 1 is to entertain and engage abroad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech 

TYPES OF RADIO

• local (community) - serve geographical communities they broadcast the content that is popular and relevant to specific to the area you live in and operated and owned by the communities they serve overlooked by mass- media broadcasters 
• national - radio stations available nationally (capital)
• commercial- licenses award by of-com they have large commercial stations typically reaching target audience 

Commercial

Large commercial stations typically reach the largest audience.

A single pre-recorded interview will often be broadcast across a number of stations and many areas.

Normally the interviews are edited down into sound bites, meaning the radio stations can select a short clip from a longer interview. 

Larger stations favour stories with celebrities

To help them make decisions about which songs to play, stations work with labels and promoters to get a better idea of how a song/artist is going to be marketed

The more the exposure to the song, the more the station will be convinced that playing it will increase their ratings since it will be familiar to their listeners. 

Adverts are played 3 different times every hour. Advert during this show are relatable to what the target audience would in be interested in purchasing

BBC

BBC is much stricter when it comes to brand mentions

BBCs are only allowed one brand mention during the course of an interview. It is likely that a guest will be cut off if a brand is mentioned more than a couple of times. 

The BBC believe in super serving the community with local news, guests and information

The BBC are fully aware that all commercial stations have commercials before the top of the hour and as a result, they play current chart song deliberately while adverts being played at this exact time. It makes the listener want to listen to a BBC show in comparison to commercial stations because most people would rather listen to music than news and boring commercials

PSB requirements!